Aug 27, 2023 · Smitten Ice Cream uses 15 technology products and services including HTML5 , jQuery , and Google Analytics, according to G2 Stack. Smitten Ice Cream is actively using 28 technologies for its website, according to BuiltWith. These include Viewport Meta , IPhone / Mobile Compatible , and SSL by Default. Mar 11, 2019 · Invent and patent the stainless-steel machine that uses liquid nitrogen to churn her fresh ingredients, crafting a Smitten Ice Cream scoop, made to order in about 90 seconds. Appropriately called the Brrr machine, Robyn’s revolutionary technique was an instant crowd-pleaser delivering a fresh-tasting product and the personalized experience. Make hot fudge sauce: In a 1 1/2 to 2-quart heavy saucepan, bring cream, syrup, sugar, cocoa, salt (if you’d like the salt to remain slightly textured, add it with the butter and extract at the end) and half the chocolate to a boil. Reduce to a low simmer and cook for 5 minutes, stirring occasionally.About Sprinkle Me Smitten. Taylor and Courtney became best friends in 7th grade. While they bonded over many things, a mutual love of all things ice cream resulted in a plethora of happy memories enjoying the sweet treat together. After finishing college, they decided to make their passion a profession by going into business together. San Francisco-based Smitten Ice Cream is the first food company to use ‘non-animal’ whey protein from Perfect Day in a commercial product, giving the market a glimpse of how foods featuring ...We update our database frequently to ensure that the prices are as accurate as possible. On the Smitten Ice Cream menu, the most expensive item is Large Sundae Kit, which costs $75.00. The cheapest item on the menu is La Croix Lemon, which costs $2.99. The average price of all items on the menu is currently $13.07.Sep 1, 2011 · Smitten Ice Cream 432 Octavia Street San Francisco, CA (415) 863-1518. Related Links. Vanilla Ice Cream. How We Make Smitten Ice Cream (Video) The Easiest Chocolate Ice Cream Ever. Paris Ice Cream Shops. Liquid Nitrogen Ice Cream (101 Cookbooks) Liquid Nitrogen Ice Cream (Jefferson Lab) Liquid Nitrogen Ice Cream (Cooking with Chemistry) Smitten Ice Cream serves delicious ice cream in the Bay Area, Ca. Try our ice cream, vegan fudge pops and soda. Order pick up or delivery online.Smitten combines a silky smooth malted brown sugar ice cream base with chunks of freshly-made cookie dough (egg-free!) filled with salty pretzels and tiny Guittard chocolate chips. This is the most irresistible combination of salty and sweet so no wonder it is the best-selling flavor at Smitten shops in San Francisco!SAN JOSE: SANTANA ROW. 3055 Olin Avenue Suite 1055 San Jose, CA 95128 (408) 508-5360. Visit UsSmitten Ice Cream is down to two Bay Area stores after Oakland store closure. By Susana Guerrero Oct 5, 2022. Smitten Ice Cream shuttered its Oakland storefront at 5800 College Ave. ...Smitten Ice Cream are made from the hand-selected ingredients, all provided from reputable local farms. Milk and cream are organic and the final product is free from preservatives, emulsifiers and stabilizers. Smitten Ice Cream are always freshly prepared on the go and it is a new old-fashioned approach to ice cream.Finally, there are two dessert spots, Saint Honoré, a doughnut and beignet patisserie, and Smitten Ice Cream, with a patented machine that churns ultra-smooth desserts in less than two minutes.Dec 1, 2015 · I interviewed at Smitten Ice Cream (Mountain View, CA) in Jun 2017. Interview. It was a very informal process involving a series of questions posed to me on a table outside the store. I sat down with the manager and she asked me several questions about why I wanted the job and my previous experience. May 18, 2020 · Smitten’s partnership with Perfect Day marks the first regionally available commercial product made with Perfect Day’s flora-made protein. Consumers will be able to try Smitten N’Ice Cream locally in the San Francisco Bay Area via in-store pick-up and delivery platforms, and regionally (Western Region of the U.S.) via Smitten’s newly ... A high-tech mixer, called a Brrr machine, can make ice cream from scratch in 90 seconds. Machine is behind the success of Smitten, a San Francisco-based ice cream shopHere is the top 91 best Ice Cream Franchises you can start in USA: 1. Baskin-Robbins. Investments $93,550. Franchise fee $25,000. Year Brand Started – 1945. Year Franchising Started – 1948. Offices – 7982. Franchise details: Baskin-Robbins.View Smitten Ice Cream org chart to access information on key employees and get valuable insights about Smitten Ice Cream organizational structure. The organizational chart highlights the reporting lines within the company, starting with the top decision makers: Jane Smit, Vice President, and more.. A high-tech mixer, called a Brrr machine, can make ice cream from scratch in 90 seconds. Machine is behind the success of Smitten, a San Francisco-based ice cream shopHours & Location. 3055 Olin Avenue Suite 1055, San Jose, CA 95128 (408) 508-5360. Monday to Thursday | 12:00 PM - 10:30 PM. Friday | 12:00 PM - 11:00 PMFinally, there are two dessert spots, Saint Honoré, a doughnut and beignet patisserie, and Smitten Ice Cream, with a patented machine that churns ultra-smooth desserts in less than two minutes.Aug 26, 2013 · Add juice, condensed milk, half-and-half and salt to zest and whisk together until thoroughly combined. Pour into popsicle molds. Freeze for about 5 hours, or until completely frozen. Dip in lukewarm water for 10 seconds to unmold each popsicle and press each side into crushed cookie crumbs, coating completely. Apr 25, 2012 · 2 large egg yolks. 1 tablespoon vanilla extract. Filling. 1/2 gallon (8 cups or approximately 1050 grams, weight will vary by brand/variety) ice cream, your choice of flavor (I used cookies and cream), softened. Preheat oven to 350°F degrees. Line two baking sheets with parchment paper. Sweet Gig Alert: We Interviewed an Ice Cream Entrepreneur. While working the grueling schedule that went along with her consulting job, Robyn Sue Fisher, 33, compromised by indulging in late night ice cream. As fate would have it, though, the consistent treats turned out to be more than just a sugar rush; Robyn was subconsciously developing ...Smitten Ice Cream serves delicious ice cream in the Bay Area, Ca. Try our ice cream, vegan fudge pops and soda. Order pick up or delivery online. Smitten's liquid nitrogen made ice cream has rotating seasonal flavors. Today, they had Earl Grey, Classic Vanilla, Tcho Chocolate, Cookie Dough Lemon Gingersnap, and Turmeric Gold Latte. Prices for seasonal flavors (the latter two): Small - $6 and Regular - $7.Apr 23, 2009 · 2 cups buttermilk. 2 teaspoons vanilla or half a vanilla bean, scraped and simmered with the cream. Pinch of salt. In a large, heavy saucepan, combine the heavy cream and one cup of sugar and bring to a simmer over medium heat. In a large bowl, whisk egg yolks and remaining 1/4 cup of sugar. Muffin/Quick Bread 31. North African 8. Pancakes 37. Pantry 42. Party Snacks 72. Passover 31. Pasta 85. Peanut Butter 13. Pickled 11.May 14, 2020 · Since its start in 2007, local ice creamery Smitten has transformed the way ice cream is created, served, and enjoyed in the Bay Area. Its charming flagship location in San Francisco ‘s Hayes Valley neighborhood is a go-to for locals. We talk to founder Robyn Sue Fisher and Smitteneer Eliza Bennett about this unique spot. Smitten Ice Cream has an overall rating of 3.8 out of 5, based on over 56 reviews left anonymously by employees. 54% of employees would recommend working at Smitten Ice Cream to a friend and 44% have a positive outlook for the business. This rating has improved by 1% over the last 12 months.Smitten Ice Cream serves delicious ice cream in the Bay Area, Ca. Try our ice cream, vegan fudge pops and soda. Order pick up or delivery online.Muffin/Quick Bread 31. North African 8. Pancakes 37. Pantry 42. Party Snacks 72. Passover 31. Pasta 85. Peanut Butter 13. Pickled 11.Jun 5, 2015 · 1 1/2 to 2 cups ice cream, any flavor (we used vanilla) Heat your oven: To 350°F (175°C). Prepare pans: Line the bottom and sides of 1 9×13-inch baking sheet or 2 8×8-inch cake pans with foil, then lightly coat foil with nonstick spray. Arrange crackers in a single layer so that they fit in the bottom of your pan. Finally, there are two dessert spots, Saint Honoré, a doughnut and beignet patisserie, and Smitten Ice Cream, with a patented machine that churns ultra-smooth desserts in less than two minutes.Apr 30, 2022 · Here is the top 91 best Ice Cream Franchises you can start in USA: 1. Baskin-Robbins. Investments $93,550. Franchise fee $25,000. Year Brand Started – 1945. Year Franchising Started – 1948. Offices – 7982. Franchise details: Baskin-Robbins. We would like to show you a description here but the site won’t allow us. Apr 25, 2012 · 2 large egg yolks. 1 tablespoon vanilla extract. Filling. 1/2 gallon (8 cups or approximately 1050 grams, weight will vary by brand/variety) ice cream, your choice of flavor (I used cookies and cream), softened. Preheat oven to 350°F degrees. Line two baking sheets with parchment paper. Hours & Location. 3055 Olin Avenue Suite 1055, San Jose, CA 95128 (408) 508-5360. Monday to Thursday | 12:00 PM - 10:30 PM. Friday | 12:00 PM - 11:00 PMSmitten Ice Cream Bar, Singapore. 1,817 likes · 2 talking about this · 388 were here. We serve top quality ice creams specially crafted for you. Note: We are closed every first and thir Robyn Sue Fisher, founder of San Francisco's innovative churned-to-order ice cream shop, Smitten Ice Cream, invented the true cop's delight: coffee and doughnuts ice cream. She starts making ice cream from scratch with a base of heavy cream, salt, sugar, and coffee grounds whisked together in a large pot. She lets the coffee steep in cream for ...Sep 30, 2022 · Dominique Crenn, Matt Horn, and even Smitten Ice Cream are headed to Nevada. by Paolo Bicchieri Sep 30, 2022, 10:41am PDT Share this story. Share this on Facebook; Share this on Twitter; 23. Häagen-Dazs. OKcamera/Shutterstock. Häagen-Dazs was founded by two immigrants in the 1960s and carries many flavors including unique varieties such as Black & White Cookie, Cold Brew ...A high-tech mixer, called a Brrr machine, can make ice cream from scratch in 90 seconds. Machine is behind the success of Smitten, a San Francisco-based ice cream shopSAN JOSE: SANTANA ROW. 3055 Olin Avenue Suite 1055 San Jose, CA 95128 (408) 508-5360. Visit UsSmitten's classic chocolate ice cream gets the upgrade with Guittard® chocolate company's 61% cacao. We add a little extra fudgy flavor with Guittard cocoa rouge and melt it down into a rich, dare we say decadent ganache. This is a modern take on an ice cream classic that will change everything you think you know about chocolate ice cream.Delivery & Pickup Options - 555 reviews of Smitten Ice Cream "Smitten makes its San Jose debut with its newest location in Santana Row! Ice cream made to order, chilled rapidly using liquid nitrogen, is the whole idea behind Smitten. 3pm today was the grand opening at this location, and there was already a good line outside when the place opened. Delivery & Pickup Options - 850 reviews of Smitten Ice Cream "I was lucky to be here on the eve of their opening, thanks to Savor Oakland tours. and got a little bit of insight on the company. The ice cream here is delicious and should be in a category all its own. View Smitten Ice Cream org chart to access information on key employees and get valuable insights about Smitten Ice Cream organizational structure. The organizational chart highlights the reporting lines within the company, starting with the top decision makers: Jane Smit, Vice President, and more..Invent and patent the stainless-steel machine that uses liquid nitrogen to churn her fresh ingredients, crafting a Smitten Ice Cream scoop, made to order in about 90 seconds. Appropriately called the Brrr machine, Robyn’s revolutionary technique was an instant crowd-pleaser delivering a fresh-tasting product and the personalized experience.Aug 26, 2013 · Add juice, condensed milk, half-and-half and salt to zest and whisk together until thoroughly combined. Pour into popsicle molds. Freeze for about 5 hours, or until completely frozen. Dip in lukewarm water for 10 seconds to unmold each popsicle and press each side into crushed cookie crumbs, coating completely. Delivery & Pickup Options - 850 reviews of Smitten Ice Cream "I was lucky to be here on the eve of their opening, thanks to Savor Oakland tours. and got a little bit of insight on the company. The ice cream here is delicious and should be in a category all its own.May 14, 2020 · Since its start in 2007, local ice creamery Smitten has transformed the way ice cream is created, served, and enjoyed in the Bay Area. Its charming flagship location in San Francisco ‘s Hayes Valley neighborhood is a go-to for locals. We talk to founder Robyn Sue Fisher and Smitteneer Eliza Bennett about this unique spot. Smitten Ice Cream has an overall rating of 3.8 out of 5, based on over 56 reviews left anonymously by employees. 54% of employees would recommend working at Smitten Ice Cream to a friend and 44% have a positive outlook for the business. This rating has improved by 1% over the last 12 months.Smitten Ice Cream is a hip dessert shop using seasonal ingredients in small-batch ice creams made using liquid nitrogen.2/3 cup (85 grams) all-purpose flour. For the filling. 2 to 3 cups ice cream (see Note up top) Heat oven to 350°F. Line two 8×8-inch square baking pans with parchment paper, extending it up two sides. Butter the parchment and exposed sides of the pan or spray them with a nonstick cooking spray.The perfect dairy-free alternative to our ice cream. Rich, creamy and made with coconut milk. $6.00. Side Of Brown Sugar Caramel. $4.00. Side Of Spiced Oat Crumble. $5.50. Side Of Strawberry Sauce. organic strawberries, sugar, lemon juice, salt - that's it!Jun 4, 2022 · Smitten Ice Cream. Unclaimed. Review. Save. Share. 17 reviews #7 of 42 Desserts in San Jose $$ - $$$ Dessert American. 3055 Olin Ave Suite # 1055, San Jose, CA 95128-2067 +1 408-638-0554 Website. Open now : 12:00 PM - 11:00 PM. See all (11) This ice cream shop is a nod to nostalgia with pieces restored on American Restoration. Try one of the concretes, a very thick shake you eat with a spoon. 9480 S Eastern Ave #100, Las Vegas, NV ...May 18, 2020 · Smitten’s partnership with Perfect Day marks the first regionally available commercial product made with Perfect Day’s flora-made protein. Consumers will be able to try Smitten N’Ice Cream locally in the San Francisco Bay Area via in-store pick-up and delivery platforms, and regionally (Western Region of the U.S.) via Smitten’s newly ... Nov 13, 2013 · A high-tech mixer, called a Brrr machine, can make ice cream from scratch in 90 seconds. Machine is behind the success of Smitten, a San Francisco-based ice cream shop Delivery & Pickup Options - 850 reviews of Smitten Ice Cream "I was lucky to be here on the eve of their opening, thanks to Savor Oakland tours. and got a little bit of insight on the company. The ice cream here is delicious and should be in a category all its own.About Smitten Ice Cream. Now open in Park Valencia! Smitten Ice Cream uses the freshest and purest ingredients to freeze each batch of ice cream to-order, from scratch, in just minutes with the help of our patented, liquid nitrogen-enabled Brrr(TM) machines. Come try a scoop of our new, old-fashioned ice cream.Delivery & Pickup Options - 618 reviews of Smitten Ice Cream "Smitten makes its San Jose debut with its newest location in Santana Row! Ice cream made to order, chilled rapidly using liquid nitrogen, is the whole idea behind Smitten. 3pm today was the grand opening at this location, and there was already a good line outside when the place opened. Make hot fudge sauce: In a 1 1/2 to 2-quart heavy saucepan, bring cream, syrup, sugar, cocoa, salt (if you’d like the salt to remain slightly textured, add it with the butter and extract at the end) and half the chocolate to a boil. Reduce to a low simmer and cook for 5 minutes, stirring occasionally.Smitten Founder, Robyn Sue Fisher, invents and develops the first Brrr® Machine with the goal of making the highest quality fresh ice cream, to-order in 90 seconds. HITTING THE STREETS (2009) Amidst recession, Robyn brings her Brrr® Machine to the streets atop a Radio Flyer wagon.Smitten Ice Cream is a hip dessert shop using seasonal ingredients in small-batch ice creams made using liquid nitrogen. May 24, 2018 · Powdered sugar, hot fudge sauce, whipped cream, sprinkles, or all of the above to garnish. Heat oven: To 400 degrees F. Grease a 10×15-inch jelly roll pan with nonstick cooking spray or softened butter. Line pan with parchment paper and grease again. Dust with cocoa powder, knocking out any excess, and set aside. In March, the Hayes Valley shop sold 16,000 dishes of ice cream (a small size costs $4.95) alone. The secret to Smitten's success -- and the machine's -- is liquid nitrogen. That substance, a kind of extremely cold compressed liquid air, chills the metal ice-cream mixing bowl to minus 321 degrees Fahrenheit. Fisher explains that ice cream made ...Delivery & Pickup Options - 850 reviews of Smitten Ice Cream "I was lucky to be here on the eve of their opening, thanks to Savor Oakland tours. and got a little bit of insight on the company. The ice cream here is delicious and should be in a category all its own. May 14, 2020 · Since its start in 2007, local ice creamery Smitten has transformed the way ice cream is created, served, and enjoyed in the Bay Area. Its charming flagship location in San Francisco ‘s Hayes Valley neighborhood is a go-to for locals. We talk to founder Robyn Sue Fisher and Smitteneer Eliza Bennett about this unique spot. We would like to show you a description here but the site won’t allow us. The ice cream pop-up with fantastical candy- and cookie-laden flavors, is going permanent in Rockridge. ... the former Smitten Ice Cream location at 5800 College Avenue in Oakland. But when Arkin ...Revenue: Less than $1 million (USD) Competitors: Unknown. At Smitten Ice Cream, we are makers through and through – from our flavors right down to our ice cream machines, we make it all. Because we believe that ice cream can and should be better. Hell no status quo. We are inventors, pastry chefs, engineers, perfectionists, and ice ...Van Leeuwen Artisan French Sticky Toffee Pudding Flavored Ice Cream, 14 oz. Pickup today. $ 498. 35.6 ¢/oz. Van Leeuwen Artisan French Purple Velvet Flavored Ice Cream, 14 oz. Pickup today. $ 498. 35.6 ¢/fl oz. Van Leeuwen Artisan Ice Cream Cornbread w Strawberry & Honey Flavored French Ice Cream, 14 oz.Mar 27, 2016 · Today, Fisher presides over a half-dozen Smitten Ice Cream shops in the Bay Area and Los Angeles with more than 120 employees. By year-end, she plans to have 10 shops in operation, with more on ... Smitten Founder, Robyn Sue Fisher, invents and develops the first Brrr® Machine with the goal of making the highest quality fresh ice cream, to-order in 90 seconds. HITTING THE STREETS (2009) Amidst recession, Robyn brings her Brrr® Machine to the streets atop a Radio Flyer wagon. Powdered sugar, hot fudge sauce, whipped cream, sprinkles, or all of the above to garnish. Heat oven: To 400 degrees F. Grease a 10×15-inch jelly roll pan with nonstick cooking spray or softened butter. Line pan with parchment paper and grease again. Dust with cocoa powder, knocking out any excess, and set aside.May 8, 2020 · San Francisco-based Smitten Ice Cream is the first food company to use ‘non-animal’ whey protein from Perfect Day in a commercial product, giving the market a glimpse of how foods featuring ... Smitten Ice Cream is a hip dessert shop using seasonal ingredients in small-batch ice creams made using liquid nitrogen. 23K Followers, 6,785 Following, 1,965 Posts - See Instagram photos and videos from Smitten Ice Cream (@smittenicecream) Smitten uses fresh and local ingredients in their decadent ice cream. Try a unique flavor like Rhubarb Crisp ice cream and then head to Patricia’s Green Park just a hop, skip and jump away. Terence Chan April 5, 2015 Spread the whipped cream over the frozen filling and return to the freezer until firm, usually less than an hour. Make strawberry topping: Combine strawberries, sugar, lemon, cornstarch and water in a medium, heavy saucepan. Let macerate for 15 to 20 minutes, then cook over medium-low heat to a simmer, stirring.Smitten Ice Cream is a hip dessert shop using seasonal ingredients in small-batch ice creams made using liquid nitrogen. Skip to main content. 0. Flavors; Locations 2 1/2 cups vanilla ice cream, or anything else you prefer. Make the cookie: Heat oven to 325°F and line a 9×13-inch cake pan with parchment paper that extends up the two short sides of the pan. Coat the exposed sides with butter or nonstick spray. A little extra underneath the parchment helps it stick.
We update our database frequently to ensure that the prices are as accurate as possible. On the Smitten Ice Cream menu, the most expensive item is Large Sundae Kit, which costs $75.00. The cheapest item on the menu is La Croix Lemon, which costs $2.99. The average price of all items on the menu is currently $13.07.. Fat daddy meats 20 ribeyes for dollar40
Smitten combines a silky smooth malted brown sugar ice cream base with chunks of freshly-made cookie dough (egg-free!) filled with salty pretzels and tiny Guittard chocolate chips. This is the most irresistible combination of salty and sweet so no wonder it is the best-selling flavor at Smitten shops in San Francisco! Smitten Ice Cream uses 15 technology products and services including HTML5 , jQuery , and Google Analytics, according to G2 Stack. Smitten Ice Cream is actively using 28 technologies for its website, according to BuiltWith. These include Viewport Meta , IPhone / Mobile Compatible , and SSL by Default.Madagascar bourbon vanilla ice cream. Chocolate Ganache. Rich 61% guittard chocolate melted into milk and cream. Brookies 'n Cream. Brownies and cookies folded into sweet cream. Cookie Dough with Pretzels & Chocolate Chips. Sweet & salty morsels in malted brown sugar ice cream. Strawberry Cream. House made strawberry jam blended with milk & cream Smitten Founder, Robyn Sue Fisher, invents and develops the first Brrr® Machine with the goal of making the highest quality fresh ice cream, to-order in 90 seconds. HITTING THE STREETS (2009) Amidst recession, Robyn brings her Brrr® Machine to the streets atop a Radio Flyer wagon.Jun 17, 2021 · 2 1/2 cups vanilla ice cream, or anything else you prefer. Make the cookie: Heat oven to 325°F and line a 9×13-inch cake pan with parchment paper that extends up the two short sides of the pan. Coat the exposed sides with butter or nonstick spray. A little extra underneath the parchment helps it stick. SAN JOSE: SANTANA ROW. 3055 Olin Avenue Suite 1055 San Jose, CA 95128 (408) 508-5360. Visit UsYelp Smitten Ice Cream has an overall rating of 3.8 out of 5, based on over 56 reviews left anonymously by employees. 54% of employees would recommend working at Smitten Ice Cream to a friend and 44% have a positive outlook for the business. This rating has improved by 1% over the last 12 months.Apr 25, 2012 · 2 large egg yolks. 1 tablespoon vanilla extract. Filling. 1/2 gallon (8 cups or approximately 1050 grams, weight will vary by brand/variety) ice cream, your choice of flavor (I used cookies and cream), softened. Preheat oven to 350°F degrees. Line two baking sheets with parchment paper. About Sprinkle Me Smitten. Taylor and Courtney became best friends in 7th grade. While they bonded over many things, a mutual love of all things ice cream resulted in a plethora of happy memories enjoying the sweet treat together. After finishing college, they decided to make their passion a profession by going into business together. Invent and patent the stainless-steel machine that uses liquid nitrogen to churn her fresh ingredients, crafting a Smitten Ice Cream scoop, made to order in about 90 seconds. Appropriately called the Brrr machine, Robyn’s revolutionary technique was an instant crowd-pleaser delivering a fresh-tasting product and the personalized experience.Jun 1, 2019 · STEP RIGHT UP for ice cream and a show! With the magic of liquid nitrogen, this nitro-artisan ice cream is made by hand! They have great flavor options such as Key lime with dark rum, Coconut Chocolate Chip, Coffee Toffee, and Berry Sorbet (dairy-free). Located in Silver Lake, California! Jul 27, 2020. Top Smitten Ice Cream Delivery Locations. Smitten Ice Cream - San Francisco. 904 Valencia St, San Francisco, CA 94110, USA. Order Now.Smitten Ice Cream. Unclaimed. Review. Save. Share. 15 reviews #1 of 5 Desserts in El Segundo $ Dessert. 850 S Sepulveda Blvd The Point, El Segundo, CA 90245-4836 +1 424-220-7100 Website. Closed now : See all hours.Smitten Ice Cream: Serving Joy. 2018 | Case No. E663 | Length 17 pgs. This case examines the founding story California ice cream chain Smitten Ice Cream and CEO and Founder Robyn Sue Fisher, who invented a liquid nitrogen-fueled ice cream machine which mixes the world’s smoothest ice cream. Students will be confronted with numerous common ... .